• Communication It is the passing of information and understanding from one person to another at the same level or different levels.
• Verbal Communication It refers to the transfer of information through speaking or sign language. It includes face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media. It is mostly used during presentations, video conferences and phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations.
• Non-Verbal Communication It refers to all unwritten and unspoken messages, both intentional and unintentional. It includes facial expressions, eye contact, and tone of voice, body posture and motions. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep.
• Encoding It refers to the process of translating an idea. It is just an idea that came out from the sender mind, and when the sender starts to plan for sending out the message, is the second step of the communication process i.e. planning.
• Decoding It refers to the process of translation of symbols encoded by the sender into ideas that can be understood
• Downward Communication It refers to the flow of communication from the superiors to subordinates. Information, instructions, directions, and feedback flow in this direction.
• Upward Communication It refers to communication flowing from subordinates to superiors. Information, analysis, feedback etc. flow in this direction.
• Horizontal Communication It refers to communication among the various divisions of an organization in order to share and coordinate the multifarious activities.
• Diagonal Communication It refers to communication that ignores the hierarchical structure and that flows between persons who belong to different levels of hierarchy and who have no direct reporting relationships.
• Communication Barriers It refers to certain factors that may pose problems in the communication process, thereby causing failures in communication.